Timeline: Maria Weidsacker: Gerber Family of Langnau

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1665 - 1701 (36 years)

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Timeline

Maria Weidsacker (1665 - 1701)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1665	1665: Netherlands - Great Plague kills 1/5 London population; 1665: Germany - Rudolph Jacob Camerarius was born. A botanist, he showed the existence of sexes in plants, and identified the stamen and pistil as the male and female organs.
2	1666	1666: England - First European printed paper banknote issued 1666: London, England - The Great Fire of London began in the shop of the King's baker. After burning for four days, more than 13,000 buildings had been destroyed.
3	1667	1667: Medway River, Kent - Dutch fleet defeats the English
4	1668	1668: Europe - Triple Alliance of England, Netherlands, and Sweden against France 1668: England - Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope.
5	1669	1669: England - Isaac Newton circulated a manuscript, De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas, the first notice of his calculus.
6	1670	1670: England - Secret Treaty of Dover between Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France to restore Roman Catholicism to England 1670: America - Hudson's Bay Company founded 1670: France - Dom Pérignon invents Champagne. 1670: England - Over a 20 year period 80,000 Huguenots come to England, majority are silk workers, by 1689 40,000 families make living by silk 1670: Cologne, Germany - At Cologne Cathedral, the choirmaster makes sugar sticks to give to the young singers in the choir, to keep them occupied during the Living Crèche ceremony: the first candy canes.
7	1671	1671: England - Game Laws prevent majority of citizens from hunting, even on their own land 1671: Germany - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine.
8	1672	1672: England - Third Anglo-Dutch war (until 1674) 1672: Netherlands - William of Orange becomes ruler
9	1673	1673: England - Test Act aims to deprive English Roman Catholics and Nonconformists of public office 1673: America - The White Horse Tavern in Rhode Island was built. It is the oldest operating tavern in the United States.
10	1674	1674: England - Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in a distillation of human urine 1674: Netherlands - Anton van Leeuwenhoek reported his discovery of protozoa, using his newly-devised microscope 1674: England - Treaty of Westminster between England and the Netherlands
11	1675	1675: America - King Philip's War: New England colonies vs Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians 1675-1676. 1675: Netherlands - Christiaan Huygens patents the pocket watch. 23 Dec 1675: England - Charles II issued a proclamation suppressing Coffee Houses. The public response was so negative that he revoked it on January 8, 1676.
12	1676	1676: England - Robert Hooke invents the universal joint. 1676: Paris, France - Compagnie de Limonadiers vendors sold lemonade from tanks they carried on their backs - these were the first soft drinks.
13	1677	1677: Netherlands - William III, ruler of the Netherlands, marries Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, heir to the English throne
14	1678	1678: England - Popish Plot in England; Titus Oates falsely alleges a Catholic plot to murder Charles II 1678: England - John Bunyan (1628-1688) publishes Pilgrim's Progress
15	1679	1679: England - Act of Habeas Corpus passed, forbidding imprisonment without trial; Parliament's Bill of Exclusion against the Roman Catholic James, Duke of York blocked by Charles II; Parliament dismissed; Charles II rejects petitions calling for a new Parliament; petitioners become known as Whigs; their opponents (royalists) known as Tories 1679: France - Denis Papin, a French physicist invented the pressure cooker, which he called Papin's Digester.
16	1680	1680: America - Pennsylvania founded by William Penn for oppressed Quakers 1680: England - Moves to remove Charles II's brother James from succession persist through into 1681 (because he married an Italian and converted to Catholicism) and replace with Charles's illegitimate son, also Charles;civil war between Tories and Whigs narrowly averted
17	1681	1681: England - Whigs reintroduce Exclusion Bill; Charles II dissolves Parliament 1681: Glasgow, Scotland - College of Physicians founded
18	1685	1685: England - Rebellion by Charles II's illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, against James II is put down 1685: England - Death of Charles II 1685: England - James II, ruler of England to 1689. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.
19	1686	1686: England - James II disregards Test Act; Roman Catholics appointed to public office
20	1687	1687: England - Isaac Newton publishes Principia Mathematica 4 Apr 1687: England - James II issues Declaration of Liberty of Conscience, extends toleration to all religions
21	1688	1688: England - Edward Lloyd's coffee house opens in England 1688: England - England's Glorious Revolution; William III of Orange is invited to save England from Roman Catholicism, lands in England, James II flees to France 1688: England - Gregory King's Tables (from Charles Davenant's Works, 1771), estimates over one million people (nearly 20% of pop.) in occasional receipt of alms, mostly in form of public relief from parish 1688: England - William Cheselden was born. An English surgeon and teacher, he was one of the first to describe the role of saliva in digestion.
22	1689	1689: England - Convention Parliament issues Bill of Rights; establishes a constitutional monarchy in Britain; bars Roman Catholics from the throne; Toleration Act grants freedom of worship to dissenters in England; Grand Alliance of the League of Augsburg, England, and the Netherlands 1689: Londonderry, Ireland - Catholic forces loyal to James II land from France and lay siege 1689: England - King William's War: English Colonies vs France 1689-1697. 13 Feb 1689: England - William III and Mary II, rulers of England to 1702. House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
23	1690	1690: Ireland - Battle of the Boyne: James II defeated, flees into exile 1690: India - The English found Calcutta 1690: England - John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690: Salem, Massachusetts - The first shipment of bananas arrived in the colonies
24	1691	3 Oct 1691: Limerick, Ireland - The Treaty of Limerick allows Catholics in Ireland to exercise their religion freely, but severe penal laws soon follow. The French War begins
25	1692	1692: England - Retribution against Catholics who helped James II until 1710, lands confiscated, given to Protestants; harsh laws passed against Catholic religion and trade 13 Feb 1692: Glencoe, Scotland - The Glencoe Massacre occurs 3 Aug 1692: England - Battle of Steinkirk and Battle of Lande (against France), both defeats for England, through into 1693
26	1693	1693: England - Richest counties: Middlesex (with London), Surrey, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire; Poorest Counties: Cheshire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland
27	1694	1694: England - Death of Queen Mary; King William now rules alone. 1694: England - Foundation of the Bank of England 1694: England - Triennial Act sets the maximum duration of a parliament to three years
28	1695	1695: England - Lapse of the Licensing Act
29	1697	1697: England - Peace of Ryswick between the allied powers of the League of Augsburg and France ends the French War 1697: England - Civil List Act votes funds for the maintenance of the Royal Household 1697: England - Blasphemy Act in England 10 Nov 1697: England - Birth of William Hogarth (died 1764), bitter satirical artist of great genius, chronicling social evils of the times
30	1698	1698: England - Thomas Savery patented an engine which produced a vacuum by condensing steam. It was employed for raising water from a mine and supplying water to several country houses. 1698: Russia - Tsar Peter the Great begins taxing men with beards
31	1699	23 May 1699: America - John Bartram was born. A naturalist and explorer, considered 'father of American botany'; established a world renowned botanical garden in Philadelphia in 1728.
32	1700	1700: England - Population of England and Wales estimated at 5.5 million 1700: England - Population of English colonies in America, 200,000
33	1701	1701: England - The Act of Settlement settles the Royal Succession on the Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover. William III forms a grand alliance between England, Holland and Austria to prevent the union of the Spanish and French crowns. The War of the Spanish Succession breaks out in Europe over the vacant throne 1701: England - Death of James II in exile, King Louis of France recognises James's son as King James III 1701: England - Jethro Tull invents the seed drill.

Gerber Family of Switzerland

Maria Weidsacker

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