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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1623 | |
| 2 | 1624 | |
| 3 | 1625 | |
| 4 | 1626 | - 1626: England - Francis Bacon died. An English statesman, philosopher and author of Novum Organum, a work on scientific inquiry, he died after having stuffing a dressed chicken with snow to see how long the flesh could be preserved by the extreme cold. He caught cold and died from complications about a month later.
- 1626: England - A large Codfish, split open at a Cambridge market, is found to contain a copy of a book of religious treatises by John Frith.
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| 5 | 1627 | - 1627: England - William Harvey was able to confirm his observation that the blood circulates throughout the body, which he inferred from the structure of the venal valves. The following year, in Exercitatio Anatomica, he published these conclusions as well as a description of the heart as a mechanical pump.
- 1627: Warsaw, Poland - The last known living ancestor of all modern domestic cattle (the aurochs) was killed by a poacher
- 1627: England - John Ray (Wray) was born. A leading 17th century English naturalist and botanist. He contributed to the advancement of taxonomy, and established the species as the basic unit of taxonomy.
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| 6 | 1628 | |
| 7 | 1629 | |
| 8 | 1630 | |
| 9 | 1633 | - 1633: America - Connecticut settled; Maryland founded by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore
- 1633: England - Bananas were supposedly displayed in the shop window of merchant Thomas Johnson. This was the first time the banana had ever been seen in Great Britain. It would be more than 200 years before they were regularly imported. In 1999 remains of a banana were found at a Tudor archaeological site on the banks of the River Thames. This would seem to date it 150 years earlier than Thomas Johnson's banana. A classic food mystery!
- 1633: Rome, Italy - Galileo was forced by the Inquisition in Rome to renounce his theory that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
- 3 Nov 1633: Italy - Bernardino Ramazzini was born. A physician, he was the first to note the relationship between worker's illnesses and their work environment. Considered the founder of occupational medicine.
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| 10 | 1634 | - 1634: Boston, Massachusetts - Samuel Cole supposedly opened the first tavern in the U.S.A.
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| 11 | 1636 | - 1636: England - Tulip mania begins and ceases the following year in a precursor of the 2000 dot-com crash
- 1636: England - Mild outbreak of Black Death
- 1636: England - W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer.
- 1636: America - The Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony established Harvard College (New College), the first college in the Americas.
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| 12 | 1637 | |
| 13 | 1638 | |
| 14 | 1639 | |
| 15 | 1640 | |
| 16 | 1641 | |
| 17 | 1642 | |
| 18 | 1643 | |
| 19 | 1644 | |
| 20 | 1645 | |
| 21 | 1646 | - 1646: England - Charles I surrenders to the Scots
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| 22 | 1647 | |
| 23 | 1648 | |
| 24 | 1649 | - 1649: London, England - The Commonwealth, in which England is governed as a republic, is established and lasts until 1660
- 1649: Ireland - Cromwell harshly suppresses Catholic rebellions
- 1649: England - Long Parliament (Rump Parliament) confiscates land; House of Lords abolished; Charles II, meanwhile in exile on Continent, travels to Scotland, signs Covenant, Scots support him
- 1649: England - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, ruler of England to 1658. Commonwealth & Protectorate.
- 1649: England - Nicholas Culpeper, Herbalist, wrote the pseudoscientific A Physicall Directory. It listed plants and their supposed healing properties based on the plants resemblance to the human body parts.
- 30 Jan 1649: London, England - Execution of Charles I
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| 25 | 1650 | |
| 26 | 1651 | - 1651: England - Thomas Hobbes, in Leviathan, argued from a mechanistic theory that man is a selfishly individualistic animal at constant war with others. In the state of nature, life is 'nasty, brutish, and short.'
- 1651: England - Navigation Act passes, forbids exportation of goods except in all-English ships, foreign merchants and goods prohibited in England and colonies, strengthened in 1660
- 3 Sep 1651: England - Charles II invades England and is defeated at Battle of Worcester; Charles escapes to France
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| 27 | 1652 | |
| 28 | 1653 | - 1653: England - Oliver Cromwell dissolves the 'Rump Parliament' and becomes Lord Protector
- 1653: England - England victorious in battles against Spain and aids France against Spain; England becomes leading naval power and important military power; restores legal rights to Jews
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| 29 | 1654 | |
| 30 | 1655 | |
| 31 | 1656 | |
| 32 | 1657 | |
| 33 | 1658 | |
| 34 | 1659 | |
| 35 | 1660 | - 1660: Furtwangen, Germany - Cuckoo clocks made in the Black Forest region.
- 1660: England - Charles II, ruler of England to 1685. House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from 30 JAN 1649.
- 1660: England - Two houses of Parliament and Church of England restored, land returned to rightful owners; 'Dissenters' born (Quakers, Baptists, Congregationalists, etc.)
- 1660: New Amsterdan, America - Asser Levy from Portugal, applied for a license to sell kosher meat. He was the first kosher butcher in the city that was to become New York
- 29 May 1660: London, England - Charles II, aged 30, rides into London, people go mad with joy
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| 36 | 1661 | |
| 37 | 1662 | |
| 38 | 1663 | |
| 39 | 1664 | |
| 40 | 1665 | |
| 41 | 1666 | - 1666: England - First European printed paper banknote issued
- 1666: London, England - The Great Fire of London began in the shop of the King's baker. After burning for four days, more than 13,000 buildings had been destroyed.
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| 42 | 1667 | - 1667: Medway River, Kent - Dutch fleet defeats the English
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| 43 | 1668 | |
| 44 | 1669 | - 1669: England - Isaac Newton circulated a manuscript, De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas, the first notice of his calculus.
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| 45 | 1670 | |
| 46 | 1671 | |
| 47 | 1672 | |
| 48 | 1673 | |
| 49 | 1674 | |
| 50 | 1675 | |
| 51 | 1676 | |
| 52 | 1677 | |
| 53 | 1678 | |
| 54 | 1679 | |
| 55 | 1680 | - 1680: America - Pennsylvania founded by William Penn for oppressed Quakers
- 1680: England - Moves to remove Charles II's brother James from succession persist through into 1681 (because he married an Italian and converted to Catholicism) and replace with Charles's illegitimate son, also Charles;civil war between Tories and Whigs narrowly averted
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| 56 | 1681 | |
| 57 | 1685 | |
| 58 | 1686 | |
| 59 | 1687 | |
| 60 | 1688 | |
| 61 | 1689 | |
| 62 | 1690 | |
| 63 | 1691 | - 3 Oct 1691: Limerick, Ireland - The Treaty of Limerick allows Catholics in Ireland to exercise their religion freely, but severe penal laws soon follow. The French War begins
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| 64 | 1692 | |
| 65 | 1693 | - 1693: England - Richest counties: Middlesex (with London), Surrey, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire; Poorest Counties: Cheshire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland
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| 66 | 1694 | |
| 67 | 1695 | |
| 68 | 1697 | |
| 69 | 1698 | - 1698: England - Thomas Savery patented an engine which produced a vacuum by condensing steam. It was employed for raising water from a mine and supplying water to several country houses.
- 1698: Russia - Tsar Peter the Great begins taxing men with beards
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| 70 | 1699 | - 23 May 1699: America - John Bartram was born. A naturalist and explorer, considered 'father of American botany'; established a world renowned botanical garden in Philadelphia in 1728.
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1623 - 1699 (76 years)