Timeline: Elsi Widmer: Gerber Family of Langnau

1565 - Aft 1608 (44 years)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1565	1565: England - Lead pencil invented 1565: England - Mary Queen of Scots marries Lord Darnley, gives birth to son (later James I of England, VI of Scotland)
2	1567	1567: England - Murder of Lord Darnley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots, probably by Earl of Bothwell; Mary Queen of Scots marries Bothwell, is imprisoned, and forced to abdicate; James VI, King of Scotland 1567: Italy - Genoese sailors begin wearing trousers made of twill cloth.
3	1568	1568: England - Mary Queen of Scots escapes to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth I at Fotheringay Castle 1568: England - Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned until 1587 (partly in Sheffield Castle), constantly plots overthrow of Elizabeth 1568: England - The Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral developed a method to bottle beer.
4	1569	1569: France - Gerard de Cremer, better known as Gerardus Mercator, published the projection map of the world which bears his name. 1569: England - Short-lived northern insurrection in favour of Mary Queen of Scots
5	1575	1575: England - English trade booms (to 1585)
6	1576	1576: Arcitic - Frobisher and Locke search unsuccessfully for Northwest Passage (to 1578)
7	1577	1577: England - Alliance between England and Netherlands 1577: Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates the globe, plunders Spanish shipping (to 1580)
8	1578	1578: England - Hawkins appointed Treasurer of Navy
9	1582	1582: Paris, France - Tour d'Argent restaurant opened 1582: Europe - The new Gregorian calendar was adopted by most Catholic countries
10	1583	1583: England - Cesalpino, in De Plantis, classified plants with seeds according to the number, position, and shape of the parts of their fruit. 1583: Italy - Galileo Galilei discovered by experiment that the oscillations of a swinging pendulum took the same amount of time regardless of their amplitude. 1583: Munster, Ireland - Colonised by English
11	1584	10 Jul 1584: England - William of Orange is murdered; Conspiracy against Elizabeth I involving Mary Queen of Scots
12	1585	1585: Netherlands - Elizabeth I sends troops to Netherlands to help Dutch Protestants against Spain
13	1586	1586: England - It is claimed that Sir Thomas Harriot introduced potatoes to England 6 Jul 1586: England - Treaty of Berwick between Elizabeth I and Scottish reformers
14	1587	1587: Brussels, Belgium - The modern Brussels sprout was first cultivated in large quantities 1587: Cadiz, Africa - Sir Francis Drake destroys Spanish fleet at Cádiz 8 Feb 1587: England - Mary Queen of Scots tried for treason, condemned, beheaded at Fotheringay Castle; leaves will making Philip of Spain heir to both her crowns and imploring him to avenge her; Royal Navy now completely rebuilt
15	1588	Jun 1588: England - Spanish Armada - 60,000 troops, 30,000 sailors, 77,000 tons of shipping - sails against England, battle lasts one week, decimated by English then by gales
16	1589	1589: England - William Lee develops the first knitting machine. 1589: France - Catherine de Medici, wife of King Henry II of France died.She is sometimes called the 'mother of French haute cuisine' because the Italian chefs she brought with her from Florence had a strong influence on the development of French cuisine. One of the things they brought with them was ice cream.
17	1590	1590: England - Zacharias and Hans Janssen combined double convex lenses in a tube, producing the first telescope.
18	1592	1592: England - Plague in London and provincial towns
19	1593	1593: Italy - Galileo invents a water thermometer. 9 Aug 1593: England - Izaak Walton was born. He is mainly known for The Compleat Angler, or, the Contemplative Man's Recreation, which is one of the most frequently published books in English literature. It is a literary discourse on the pleasures of fishing.
20	1594	1594: Ireland - Ulster Rebellion, Philip of Spain sends 100 ships, 10,000 men in aid, decimated by gales
21	1596	1596: England - The work of Dutch cartographer Abraham Ortelius suggests the possibility of continental drift, which will be described more forcefully by Alfred Wegener centuries later. 28 Jan 1596: England - Sir Francis Drake dies on a march at Nombre de Dios
22	1597	1597: England - Cultivation of sweet potatoes was tried (probably unsuccessfully) by John Gerard of London 1597: Ireland - Rebellion under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (finally put down 1601)
23	1600	1600: England - William Gilbert, in De Magnete, held that the earth behaves like a giant magnet with its poles near the geographic poles. He coined the word electrica (from the Greek word for amber, elektron), and distinguished electricity from magnetism. 1600: London, England - Population of London about 200,000 1600: Sicily - The blood orange is believed to have developed by natural mutation 1600: England - The British East India Company was incorporated by royal charter. It was created to compete in the East Indian spice trade.
24	1601	1601: England - Poor Law Act passed, prompted by three successive poor harvests resulting in demonstrations by starving peasants; codifies previous measures, differentiates between able-bodied and weak unemployed; town councils began to tax citizens to pay for alms 1601: England - Essex attempts rebellion, and is executed
25	1602	1602: England - Plague in London and provincial towns 1602: England - Founding of Dutch East India Company
26	1603	1603: England - Plague in London and provincial towns 1603: England - At end of Elizabeth I's reign, English population estimated at 4 million, 80% living in rural areas 1603: England - James I ruler of England to 1625. House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union in 1707. 24 Mar 1603: England - Death of Elizabeth I at Richmond, aged 70, after 45-year reign.
27	1604	1604: England - Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall, first English dictionary, is published Jan 1604: England - Hampton Court Conference: no relaxation by the Church towards Puritans; James I bans Jesuits; England and Spain make peace
28	1605	1605: England - Gunpowder Plot; Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators fail in attempt to blow up Parliament and James I
29	1606	1606: America - Virginia colony subscribed in London, is thriving by 1620
30	1607	1607: England - Parliament rejects proposals for union between England and Scotland 1607: America - Henry Hudson begins voyage to eastern Greenland and Hudson River 1607: Alps, France - The Carthusian monks are supposedly given the secret formula for Chartreuse liqueur by the Marechal d'Estrees.
31	1608	1608: England - Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope. 1608: England - John Tradescant was born. He succeeded his father as naturalist and gardener to Charles I.
32	1609	1609: Italy - Galileo built a telescope with which he discovered the mountains on the moon, that the Milky Way consisted of innumerable stars, the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and sunspots. 1609: America - Henry Hudson explores present-day New York and Hudson River and claims them for the Dutch 15 Jan 1609: Germany - Avisa Relation oder Zeitung, the world's first regular newspaper, is published

Gerber Family of Switzerland

Elsi Widmer

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